Performance of Citric Acid as a Catalyst and Support Catalyst When Synthesized with NaOH and CaO in Transesterification of Biodiesel from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Fed on Kitchen Waste

Current research and development to lower the production cost of biodiesel by utilizing feedstock derived from waste motivates quest for developing catalysts with high performance in transesterification. This study investigates citric acid as a catalyst support transesterification oil black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae fed on organic kitchen waste. Two were prepared synthesizing NaOH CaO co-precipitation an impregnation method, respectively. The design experiment adopted response surface methodology optimization productivity varying: percentage loading weight acid, temperature, calcinating temperature time. characteristic activity reuse synthesized reactions investigated. morphology, chemical composition structure characterized scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) diffraction (XRD). High small amount resulted improved dispersion refinement particle sizes. Increasing SiO2 modified resulting higher yield compared catalyst. A maximum 93.08%, ±1.31, was obtained when 130% at 80 °C calcinated 600 240 min. Comparatively, 90.35%, ±1.99, 3% impregnated 140 900 two could be recycled four times while maintaining more than 70%.